The Power of Language: How Words Shape Perceptions of Disability

Language is more than just a tool for communication—it shapes the way we see the world. The words we use influence our beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes, particularly when it comes to disability. Whether intentional or not, language can either empower or marginalize, uplift or oppress. Understanding the power of words is the first step toward fostering inclusivity and respect for people with disabilities.

The Impact of Words on Perception

The language surrounding disability has evolved over time, reflecting changes in societal attitudes. In the past, terms like handicapped and crippled were commonly used, but today, they are widely recognized as outdated and offensive. Words carry weight, and when people with disabilities are described using negative or limiting terms, it reinforces stereotypes and misconceptions.

For example, describing someone as "confined to a wheelchair" implies restriction and limitation. In contrast, saying "wheelchair user" recognizes the wheelchair as a tool for mobility and independence. Similarly, referring to someone as "suffering from" a disability suggests constant pain or struggle, whereas "living with" a disability acknowledges their experience without defining them by it.

Person-First vs. Identity-First Language

A significant discussion in disability discourse revolves around person-first language (PFL) and identity-first language (IFL).

• Person-First Language (PFL) emphasizes the individual before the disability. For example, saying "a person with autism" rather than "an autistic person" aims to recognize that disability is just one aspect of a person's identity.

• Identity-First Language (IFL) places the disability at the forefront, as in "autistic person" or "Deaf person." Many people in the disability community prefer this approach because it affirms disability as an integral part of who they are, rather than something separate.

There is no universally "correct" choice—preference varies by individual and community. The best approach is to ask people how they identify and respect their choice.

The Role of Media and Society

Media plays a significant role in shaping public perceptions of disability. Too often, portrayals fall into two extremes:

• Reducing Persons with Disabilities to Being Solely Inspirational – Stories that portray disabled people as "overcoming" their disability just for existing, reducing them to objects of inspiration rather than recognizing them as people with full, complex lives.

• Tragic Narratives – Stories that depict disability as solely a source of suffering or loss, reinforcing the idea that life with a disability is inherently inferior.

Both narratives can be harmful because they frame disability in terms of either exceptionalism or pity, rather than normalizing it as part of human diversity. More authentic, diverse representation in media can help shift these narratives toward greater understanding and inclusion.

Moving Toward Inclusive Language

Creating a more inclusive world starts with being intentional about the words we use. Here are some key takeaways:

• Listen and Learn – Pay attention to how people with disabilities describe themselves and follow their lead.

• Avoid Deficit-Based Language – Focus on abilities and contributions rather than limitations.

• Challenge Stereotypes – Recognize and call out language that reinforces harmful assumptions.

• Promote Accessibility in Communication – Use clear, respectful language and ensure information is accessible to everyone.

By choosing our words carefully, we can foster a culture of respect, inclusion, and empowerment for people with disabilities. Language has the power to shape perceptions—let’s use it to build a more inclusive world.