The Language of Disability: Understanding Person-First vs. Identity-First Language
Language is a powerful tool for shaping perceptions, understanding, and relationships. When it comes to disability, the way we talk about it is crucial not just for clarity, but also for respect and empowerment. Two dominant frameworks—person-first language (e.g., "a person with a disability") and identity-first language (e.g., "a disabled person")—reflect different ways to discuss disability and often ignite spirited discussions within and outside the disability community.
Understanding Person-First vs. Identity-First Language
Person-First Language emphasizes the individual before the disability, aiming to avoid defining someone solely by their disability. For example, "a person with autism" underscores humanity first.
Identity-First Language positions the disability as an integral part of a person’s identity, as in "an autistic person," signaling pride and ownership of that identity.
Preferences can vary greatly depending on cultural, personal, and contextual factors. For instance, the Deaf community often embraces identity-first language as part of cultural pride, while some individuals with other disabilities might prefer person-first terminology.
Common Issues in the Language of Disability
Lack of Consensus: There’s no universal agreement on which language is “correct.” This can lead to misunderstandings or inadvertently offending someone.
Tokenism and Overgeneralization: Assuming one language preference applies to all members of a group ignores the diversity within the disability community.
Outdated Terminology: Terms that were once accepted may now be considered offensive or dehumanizing, creating a need for constant education.
Stigmatization through Language: Even well-intentioned terms can sometimes perpetuate stereotypes or infantilize individuals with disabilities.
Failure to Ask Preferences: Assuming rather than asking someone’s preference disregards their autonomy and individuality.
Addressing These Issues
Ask and Respect Preferences: When in doubt, directly ask individuals how they prefer to be referred to. This shows respect for personal autonomy and individuality.
Educate Yourself: Stay informed about evolving language norms and discussions within the disability community.
Adopt Inclusive Practices: Organizations and public platforms should strive for inclusive language policies that allow for flexibility and personal choice.
Avoid Overgeneralization: Recognize the diversity within the disability community and avoid making assumptions about collective preferences.
Engage in Dialogue: Foster open conversations to understand the deeper cultural and personal reasons behind language preferences.
Personal Nature of Disability Language
Language surrounding disability is intensely personal. For some, identity-first language fosters a sense of pride and community, reflecting the idea that their disability is an integral part of who they are. For others, person-first language emphasizes their multifaceted identity beyond their disability.
For example, an individual who views their disability as a source of strength and resilience might prefer identity-first language. On the other hand, someone who feels societal focus on their disability detracts from their humanity might lean towards person-first language.
Respecting the language preferences of individuals with disabilities is more than a matter of semantics—it’s a recognition of their identity, autonomy, and dignity. Whether you use person-first or identity-first language, the key is to listen, ask, and adapt. By understanding the nuances and evolving discussions around this topic, we can create a more inclusive and respectful society. Language, after all, is not just about words; it’s about connection and understanding.
